MdNAC4 Interacts With MdAPRR2 to Regulate Nitrogen Deficiency-Induced Leaf Senescence in Apple (Malus domestica)

Nitrogen (N) is one of the important macronutrients in plants, and N deficiency induces leaf senescence.However, the molecular mechanism underlying how N deficiency affects leaf senescence is unclear.Here, we report an apple NAC TF, MdNAC4, that participates in N deficiency-induced leaf senescence.The senescence phenotype of apple leaves overexpres

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Division of labor and brain evolution in insect societies: Neurobiology of extreme specialization in the turtle ant Cephalotes varians.

Strongly polyphenic social insects provide excellent models to examine the neurobiological basis of division of labor.Turtle ants, Cephalotes varians, have distinct minor worker, soldier, and reproductive Display Console Faceplate (gyne/queen) morphologies associated with their behavioral profiles: small-bodied task-generalist minors lack the phrag

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